Public Disclosure Authorized Public Disclosure Authorized Public Disclosure Authorized BANKING ON WOMEN Who Trade Across Borders Public Disclosure Authorized Acknowledgements This report was commissioned by International Finance Corporation (IFC), a sister organization of World Bank and a member of the World Bank Group. The research was funded under the Goldman Sachs/IFC 10,000 Women program through the Women Entrepreneurs Opportunity Facility. At IFC, the report was developed under the overall guidance of ...

Project: Improving the management of healthcare services for people with multiple chronic diseases in three Latin American countries - Brazil, Colombia and Uruguay Public Disclosure Authorized Public Disclosure Authorized MULTIMORBIDITY: A PANORAMA OF BRAZIL Public Disclosure Authorized Public Disclosure Authorized Project: Improving the management of healthcare services for people with multiple chronic diseases in three Latin American countries - Brazil, Colombia and Uruguay MULTIMORBIDITY: A PANORAMA OF B ...

SOCIAL PROTECTION & JOBS SPJ POLICY & TECHNICAL NOTE The Gig Economy and the Future of Work: Global Trends and Policy Directions for Non-Standard Forms of Employment Ramy Zeid, Dana Alrayess, Mohammed Ihsan Ajwad, Mehmet Ali Soytas, and Nayib Rivera MAIN MESSAGES The global rise of the non-standard forms of employment (NSE) creates opportunities and challenges for the labor market. New forms of work have both positive and adverse impacts on firms, workers, and the economy. The degree of penetration of NSE v ...

MAIN TAKEAWAYS The Mashreq Gender Facility (MGF) engages across the public and private sector in Iraq, Jordan and Lebanon to identify and address constraints to women's economic opportunities. Highlights from a series of case studies on attracting, retaining and promoting women in the private sector workplace in the Mashreq region include: a. Commit and communicate: Communicate, internally and externally, the commitment of a company's senior management to promote gender diversity in the workplace by establi ...

2024 STATE AND TRENDS OF carbon pricing © 2024 International Bank for Reconstruction and Development / The World Bank Attribution Translations Adaptations Third-party content Rights and Permissions Please cite the work as follows: World Bank. 2024. State and Trends of Carbon Pricing 2024. Washington, DC: World Bank. DOI: 10.1596/978-1-4648-2127-1. License: Creative Commons Attribution CC BY 3.0 IGO. 1818 H Street NW, Washington, DC 20433 Telephone: 202-473-1000 Internet: www.worldbank.org Some rights reserv ...

报告研究的核心观点 中国已经进入老龄社会,65岁及以上人口占总人口的15-20%。未来20年,这一比例预计将上升到28%左右,而中国总人口预计将在2045年下降至13.5亿。[6] 人口老龄化将通过劳动力供给和生产率渠道影响中国经济增长。随着劳动年龄人口减少,劳动力供给可能趋于下降。除非劳动参与率增加,估计劳动力的平均增长率可能从2000-20年的0.3%下降到2025-45年的-1.1%至-1.4%。[17] 人口结构转变也可能对共同富裕构成了挑战。快速老龄化可能会加剧收入、支出需求以及更广泛福祉方面的不平等。有老年成员的家庭之间的收入不平等程度高于没有老年成员的家庭,这主要受养老金差距的影响。[18][19] 报告内容总结 人口老龄化对经济增长的影响 - 劳动力供给可能趟于下降,除非劳动参与率增加[17] - 老年人口抚养比的上升可能与中国要素生产率的下降相关[17] - 老龄化可能导致总体劳动生产率下降,但人力资本的增加在一定程度上抵消了这一影响[123] - 老龄化可能导致总储蓄水平降低,但也可能由于预期寿命延长和利他遗赠动机而增加储蓄[125][126] 人口老龄化对共同富裕的影响 - 有老年成员的家庭之间的收入不平等程度高于没有老年成员的家庭,主要受养老金差距的影响[151][152] - 城乡居民基本养老保险的平均待遇水平远低于企业职工和机关事业单位养老保险[155][157] - 老年人的医疗费用支出较高,低收入家庭在支付医疗费用方面获得的财务保障较少[160][163] - 长期照护服务供给不足,特别是对农村居民而言[171] 政策建议 1. 提高生育率、增加女性劳动参与率、延长退休年龄等措施以扩大劳动力规模[177][178][186] 2. 通过技能提升、终身学习、促进市场竞争等措施提高生产率[188][189][190] 3. 缩小教育差距、扩大社会保障覆盖面、改善医疗卫生服务等措施以维护共同富裕[192][194][195]

Public Disclosure Authorized Cambodia Economic Update June 2024 CAMBODIA'S EXPORT REVIVAL AND TRADE SHIFTS Public Disclosure Authorized Public Disclosure Authorized Public Disclosure Authorized SPECIAL FOCUS Strengthening Cambodia's Education System for Future Growth Cambodia Economic Update June 2024 CAMBODIA'S EXPORT REVIVAL AND TRADE SHIFTS SPECIAL FOCUS Strengthening Cambodia's Education System for Future Growth TABLE OF CONTENTS ACKNOWLEDGMENTS..................................V ABBREVIATIONS ......... ...

Public Disclosure Authorized Public Disclosure Authorized Public Disclosure Authorized Sierra Leone Circular Economy in Plastics for Sustainable Tourism and Economic Diversification Summary Report Public Disclosure Authorized Contents ABBREVIATIONS AND ACRONYMS 5 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS 6 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY 7 1. SIERRA LEONE'S PLASTIC SECTOR 12 1.1 PLASTIC MANUFACTURERS LANDSCAPE 15 1.2 PLASTIC RECYCLING LANDSCAPE 16 1.3 OPPORTUNITIES AND CONSTRAINTS FOR PLASTICS CIRCULAR 17 ECONOMY 2. PLASTIC UTILIZATION IN THE SI ...

Public Disclosure Authorized SOCIAL PROTECTION & JOBS | POLICY & TECHNICAL NOTE MARCH 2024 | No. 30 Evidence at Your Fingertips Series Can Safety Nets Reduce Gender-Based Violence? How? Summary 1. A growing body of evidence finds that cash transfers reduce intimate partner violence (IPV) in various contexts, even when the cash transfer was not designed to do so. The effects are comparable with standalone violence-prevention interventions and consistent with various forms of IPV (physical, emotional, control ...

SOCIAL PROTECTION & JOBS | POLICY & TECHNICAL NOTE MARCH 2024 | No. 35 Public Disclosure Authorized Evidence at Your Fingertips Series Cash Transfer Timing: How Transfer Duration and Frequency Contribute to Outcomes Summary 1. Studies from 2016 on demonstrate that the impact of cash transfers varies based on duration, depending on whether they are distributed over a short (24 months or less) or long (more than 24 months) period. 2. Cash transfers distributed over a long period provide predictability that is ...